Electric Dreams: Art and technology before the internet – Tate
As the field gained international popularity in the 1960s, second-generation cyberneticists introduced principles of ‘observation’ and ‘influence’. This allowed them to link systems together into complex ecologies. Cybernetics became applied more widely to various social, environmental and philosophical contexts. It developed a cultural dimension among the 1960s hippie counterculture. They experimented with new technologies alongside their interest in alternative lifestyles and mind-altering experiences.
Many artists and thinkers turned to cybernetics to make sense of a newly interconnected world, increasingly driven by technological development and interactions with machines. As a field concerned with constructing systems, cybernetics also holds the potential to dismantle existing structures and rebuild them anew. Artists responded to these ideas by creating systems-based works that performed creative acts with minimal human intervention, or which responded in real-time to the interactions of their viewers
